Benefits of using electronic whiteboards as a teaching aid Essay

Advantages of utilizing electronic whiteboards as a showing help - Essay Example It is conceivable to keep up tidiness in the earth while utilizing whiteboards, as there are no chalks or dusters. Other than giving the accommodation of utilizing flipcharts, pictures, maps and outlines during exhibition which in any case would not have been conceivable, it fundamentally gives the accompanying advantages: It fills in as an amazing apparatus for meetings to generate new ideas, either in gatherings or homerooms, the demonstrator has the advantage of directing inquiry answer meeting in a few different ways, which subsequent to dissecting and guaranteeing that all students are participating, utilizes images or correspondence help to stamp the appropriate response as obvious or bogus or to move their perspectives on whiteboard for show reason. It is anything but difficult to stand out enough to be noticed, as it is a beautiful medium. Whiteboard is perfect in circumstances where the PC get to is constrained as it is an intuitive instrument, which works best when there is just a solitary PC in homeroom. While working alongside PC and projector and notwithstanding showing talks or data, it can likewise send that data to all understudies in a class and have the capacity to explore a point utilizing Internet alongside the class. Electronic whiteboards help in day by day refreshing of exercise plans.

Deforestation in Indonesia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Deforestation in Indonesia - Research Paper Example The 52-second tremor left 5, 700 lives and harmed an expected sum or US3.1 billion (Leitmann, 2007). These are only a portion of the models from the developing rundown of catastrophes in Indonesia. From the start, these fiascos can be viewed as achieved by regular disasters, characteristic calamities that could be outside anybody’s ability to control. Investigating anyway on Indonesia’s natural strategies, numerous issues can be explained and a great deal of inquiries can be replied. This paper digs on the natural condition remembering the strategies of Indonesia with explicit concentration for deforestation. Nation profile Republic of Indonesia is an archipelagic nation in the South East Asian locale with the land region of 1.9 million sq km (BBC News, 2011). Indonesia’s landscape is primarily seaside marshes and its bigger islands have inside mountains (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). Indonesia is profoundly assorted ethnicity with in excess of 300 nearby d ialects (BBC News, 2011). As of this current year, Indonesia has a recorded populace of in excess of 245 million. As indicated by the information of Central Intelligence Agency, it has a urban populace of 44 percent as of year 2010 and the pace of urbanization goes at 1.5 percent pace of progress for the year 2010-2011. Indonesia is supplied with rich characteristic assets, for example, oil, gold, silver, coal, gaseous petrol, nickel, and copper among others. The majority of its property region is additionally arable and fruitful soil. Then again, Indonesia is additionally home for the most volcanoes on the planet, somewhere in the range of 76 are truly dynamic (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). Regardless of being a profoundly rural nation, just 16. 5 percent (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011) of Indonesia’s work power is in the farming segment. The mechanical part commands the work power with 46.4 percent (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011) trailed by administrations wit h 37.1 percent (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). This set-up of the work power can be followed back during the 1970s when Indonesia began the improvement of its wood-handling enterprises augmenting its backwoods that involve 84 percent of its all out land region. From that point on, Indonesia’s creation limit of mash and paper ventures has expanded tremendously by right around 700 percent, in this way, it is presently one of the world’s biggest mash and paper maker. Timberland related industry in Indonesia was additionally extended in the times of 1980s and 1990s by the administration. Be that as it may, these developments went in progress with no reasonable backwoods the board framework consequently came about to the speeding up of woods misfortune in the nation. Status of Deforestation from a layman’s perspective is basically a demonstration of chopping down trees in timberland and downpour woods. Generally, these are through logging or consuming of trees. In any case, the demonstration of deliberately chopping down trees to make ready for modern estates that help the mash and paper enterprises or clearing backwoods to change over them into crop ranch, for example, palm oil or opening up to mining businesses, the basic demonstration hoists to misuse and deforestation turns out to be truly damaging. Change to estates The pace of timberland misfortune is developing quick. In 1980, around 1 million hectare for each year was cleared. This quickened in the primary portion of the1990s with a normal of 1.7 million hectares and by 1996 onwards, the normal has developed as high as 2 million hectares (Four Corners,

Tour The Minimalists Montana Cabin A Photo Essay

Tour The Minimalists Montana Cabin A Photo Essay Westward At the beginning of October 2012, The Minimalists moved to a mountainside cabin in Big Sky Country to  hunker down  and do some hard work. When Joshua first arrived on October 3, after a 2,000-mile trek from Dayton, he was greeted by an early snowfall. We knew  straightaway  that a productive winter was around the bend. Q.E.D. Fortunately, the snow lasted only a day, and autumn fell back again, and Joshua was able to experience gorgeous mountainviews from our cabins side deck While taking in the scenery, JFM chopped wood to prepare for the forthcoming winter months What can we say, except Ryan tootled into MT a week later and together we colonized our new livingspace (which should prove to be an interesting little mini-experiment  of its own merit since, although weve known each other for more than 20 yearsâ€"ever since we were fat little fifth graders back at Berry Middle School in Lebanon, Ohioâ€"weve not once lived together), taking our time to settle in, meeting our new neighbors and spending time with a few friends,  after which  we traversed the dirt roads to the nearest five-bar one-church town for supplies (which honestly is just our pathetic attempt to make grocery shopping sound  vaguely  manly) and then we began carving out our Q.D. routines: viz., working, cooking,  teaching,  writing,  playing music, mentoring, exercising, and reading  (Sc. Ryan frequently likes to read our new book, as  demonstrated in several of the photos below, q.v. Essential). The Great Indoors: Photos of Our Minimalist(ish) Cabin N.B. we ventured out and snapped all the photos herein, including the beautiful outdoorsy shots towards the bottom of this essay, specifically for you; but a few spontanious experiences are not pictured (cf. Reasons I Don’t Take Photos During Vacation): e.g., a breathtakingly large waterfall alongside Hwy 38, several large bucks who enjoy grazing in our sideyard at dusk, and the  frigid secluded lake in which one of us mayve or may notve skinnydipped. Welcome to our new home (whereupon you might notice the existing  satellite  dish, remnants of a previous tenant, which dish wont help us much, as were televisually  impaired at the moment) Thankfully, the place was already (mostly) furnished when we arrived, making our cabin nights comfortable Ryan lounging and reading and eating an apple in his new bedroom Below youll find Ryan reading with a smile and a cup of tea in the diningroom. Hes seated next to a laptop thats connected to (gasp!) the Internet (N.B.: w/r/t Internet access, we had to convince the local telephone company to run a telephone line to the cabin [the original line had longsince been cut], which, after working in the telecom industry for more than a dozen years, we knew who to talk to and how to get it done, a somewhat impressive feat for a place to which the U.S. Postal Service does not deliver, which on an  unrelated  note also means we had to get a P.O. Box) Camera-hog Nicodemus reading and rocking on the porch Done reading, Ryan is now simply rockin on the porch Its laundry day Joshua reading on the throne Yes, we do in fact have running water; our sink came  equipped  with two  temperatures: scalding and icy We typically cook meals twice a day on our gas stove (Ryan has caught only two things on fire thus far [not kidding] and stabbed himself [unintentionally] only once). Often we rustle up rice and beans and vegetables (e.g., avocados, spinach, carrots, c.). Simple men, simple diet, simple eating. Plus snacks: v.i., apples and a teakettle in the kitchen Since Joshua arrived before Ryan, he was able to  commandeer  the larger upstairs bedroom with better views (and way more flies buzzing around, which flies are massive and unhurried and fairly obtuse, and thus annoying but easy to kill), leaving Ryan with the downstairs bedroom, just a few feet off the  refrigerator,  perfect for late-night PBJ sandwiches. Pictured below is Joshuas second-floor sleeping quarters and home gym and writing area and guitar-playing space,  equipped  with stunning mountainviews through every window (although, to be fair, he does usually hit his 62 head on the  ridiculously  low ceiling most mornings or in the middle of the night when its dark and he gets out of bed to use the facilities) We found Joshuas new $3 writing desk (yes, it was literally three bucks)  at a local Montana  thrift  shop You can take the Ohio out of the OCD (one, two, three, four), but you cant take the OCD out of Joshua (five, six, seven, eight) Ryan modeling his PJs (Rated G) and striped socks while reading by the nighttime fire At night, to keep warm, a man becomes a slave to the  woodburning  stove Whats Next for The Mins: Tour, Projects, Charity, Etc. We have wholeheartedly embraced our new woodshedding situation, working hard to add value to as many lives as we can reach. Were enjoying the change and we have a lot happening in the coming months. We hope youll join us for the fun October 2012: We just published inexpensive  audiobook versions  for three of our bestselling books. All three audiobooks were read by professionals, and they sound amazing (listen to the free samples; theyre great). Also, Ryan raised more than $5,000 for Charity Water on this birthday, which proceeds will bring clean water to more than 250 people in Africa. November 2012: Joshuas solo essay collection,  A Day in the Life of a Minimalist, will be published by Asymmetrical Press in paperback, Kindle, and audiobook formats on November 26, 2012. This is our third essay collection; Joshua saved the best for last: this 208-page book contains Joshuas best individual essays and  arguments  from the last three years. December 2012: The Minimalists are hitting the road for a 10-city media/meetup tour (starting with Missoula on 11/16 and NYC on 11/26). Wed love to meet you, talk, and give you a big ol Midwestern hug. Come out and meet us if youre near Missoula, New York City, Washington DC, Boston, Toronto, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, or Vancouver BC. You can find more info and RSVP for free  on our tour page. (NYC charity note: while youre never required to purchase anything at any our meetups, 100% of the proceeds from books sold during our NYC event will go to Housing Works, a nonprofit whose  mission is to end the dual crises of homelessness and AIDS  through relentless advocacy.) Christmas 2012: After years of writing, re-writing, and even more re-writing, Joshuas novel,  As a Decade Fades, will be published on Christmas Day. Finally! At the same time, we are going to donate our Christmas Holiday to a local soup kitchen in Vancouver BC after the sun sets on our meetup tour. Hit us up on Twitter if youd like to join us. January 2013: Joshua will teach a special two-week story-writing class (nonfiction and fiction) called How to Write Better Stories  (very limited seating). Q1 2013: Details for Ryans new book,  Unstuck, and Joshuas new project,  Struggles, a new kind of memoir, will be announced. Stay tuned. Twenty-four/seven: As always, the best way to keep abreast of the goings-on at The Minimalists  (as well as a slew of upcoming holiday-themed essays) is to  subscribe via email. The Great Outdoors: Photos of The Last Best Place But so while our cabin is great, and while were getting a plethora of work done, the real beauty is outside, in the neighboring mountains and pine forests and khaki fields and hiking trails and big skies and dirt-road small towns Find more photos as we post them on  Twitter,  Instagram,  and  Pinterest. By the way, most of the fun little overused Latin  abbreviations  above were inserted tongue-in-cheekishly. Update: In February 2013 we moved to Missoula. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Narrative Therapy By Michael White And Davis Epston

Theory Overviews: Narrative Therapy Narrative therapy was developed by Michael White and Davis Epston in during the 1980 s. Narrative therapy is described as a â€Å" collaboration and non-pathologizing approach to counseling and community work which centres people as the experts on their own lives† (Narrative Therapy Centre, 2014). The basis of this theory is to separate the person from the problem so they rely on their own skill sets to eliminate their problems. Narrative therapy allows people to transform their personal experiences into stories and discover their life s purpose (GoodTherapy.org, 2015). Narrative therapists treat clients that display various symptoms that stem from disorders such as depression, post traumatic stress, and eating disorders. A study was conducted on 47 adults with major depressive disorder who participated in narrative therapy. The clinical trial provided empirical support for the utility of narrative therapy in improving depressive symptoms and inter-personal relationships(Vromans, L., 2008). Women with eating disorders and body image challenges are often self-conscious and have low self-esteem. These problems are internalized and narrative therapists help deconstruct the problem by separating the person from the problem, thus externalizing the problem. Narrative therapy has been describes as a â€Å"user-friendly and applicable counseling component.† It has been integrated into language literacy interventions and has been deemed as useful inShow MoreRelatedThe Legal And Professional Issues Related Disorders, Domestic Violence And Child Abuse1290 Words   |  6 PagesSolution-Focused and Narrative Family Therapies, the ethical, legal and professional issues in family therapy and working with substance related disorders, domestic violence and child abuse. Multiculturalism is a term used â€Å"to refer to distinct cultural groups within a region or nation and their needs† (p. 55). In providing family therapy to culturally di verse families, it is essential for one to develop â€Å"openness to diversity and cultural competence† (p. 56). Additionally, the success of family therapy in workingRead MoreFamily Therapy Approaches For The Client s Diverse Needs2102 Words   |  9 Pages Family Therapy Approaches Maryam Salimpour MFCC/556 June 2, 2015 Megan Crouse, MFT Family Therapy Approaches Therapists work different theoretical perspectives to meet the client’s diverse needs. The object is to offer verbal and nonverbal, expressive therapies, such as Narrative, Solution-Focused and Brief Therapy, Behavioral Therapy, and Cognitive Therapy. The concept is to take into account the therapist preferences and the issues that the therapist would like to approach for the client’s

Using Term Paper Format Apa

Using Term Paper Format Apa The Truth About Term Paper Format Apa The period paper format is additionally a universal standard for most academic papers and the rules and regulations need to be considered. The paper is written around the outline in the very first draft indicating in the very first part, the goal of the paper. You're told to compose the research paper yourself. A term paper or research paper is principally a record of intellectual reading in many sources on a specific area under discussion. What You Should Do to Find Out About Term Paper Format Apa Before You're Left Behind The very first page of the chief body of the paper will start with the complete title of the paper centered at the peak of the webpage. Abstract The abstract is a review of the topic. The aim of your title page is to permit the reader quickly understand what your paper is all about and who it was written by. All papers need to have a title page which includes the subsequent. You also need to place a comprehensive reference in the close of the work, at the bibliography page. These pages provide you a few questions to answer, then enable you to push a button to acquire an individual works-cited entry. Much of the info you should create a print book citation are found on the title page. Much of the info you need to create a chapter in a print book citation is found on the title page. Despite the fact that your writing won't have the very same fluff and detail as other kinds of writing, it shouldn't be boring or dull to read. Writing a term paper is a tough task as it is and the truth is you aren't likely to have the ability to pass your post-graduate degree of education, if you don't do a number of research assignments. To be able to compose a very excellent essay, you need to have a way with words. Notice the method by which the author chooses the key points to write in brief of the entire thing. Ask yourself these things about it to see whether you're able to find a question to answer in your paper. The very first thing which you'll want to do is make sure your very first page is formatted independently from the remainder of the paper. It's utterly important as it will offer you a plain view of the way the things ought to be put together. There are lots of paper templates to select from, but the majority of the time your instructor will require a specific format for the entire class to follow. Period must be offered outside the parentheses. Writing Term Papers properly cannot be carried out in one day, it needs a good period of time and effort to compose a proper Term Paper. Consider the area at which you should place your primary argument. References The reference part of your paper will incorporate a list of every one of the sources that you used in your paper. In our case, it's an MLA paper. A term paper formatted in the APA style attempts to demonstrate something which is already demonstrated to be true and it must be cited before or present perfect tense. It is critical to begin with the main formatting type, such as APA, then review what your school might be doing differently. Everyone is able to learn how to use formatting based on her or his college requirements. Once you comprehend the simple format, it's quite simple to correctly compose a proposal for college. Nowadays different academic institutions need various kinds of text formatting. The APA citation is achieved by the template despite the period of document. Citing the references in APA format is a difficult endeavor. Fortunately, it has the same requirement. The APA format offered by is in template will allow you to design your work in accordance with the APA guidelines. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Term Paper Format Apa Finding sources of materials to compose the expression paper will involve various practices and will be dependent on the essence of paper you're examining. As the title of the writing implies you have to conduct the research in the certain region of knowledge. Furthermore our compound understanding of term paper formats permits us to deliver nothing less then the ideal term papers. They may vary between colleges and even instructors.

Nature of Creativity Free Essays

Creativity has been defined in many ways but one feature that is always mentioned is novelty (Sternberg, 1988). That is, the product of a creative endeavor should always be relatively unlike what has been done before. Novelty presupposes that creativity is a process that allows the mind to work out new solutions to problems, to be innovative and to be original. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of Creativity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just how the brain works so that the individual can become creative has been the subject of debate for a long time, creativity is often thought as a component of intelligence wherein highly intelligent persons all seem to be creative thus Guilford (1989) have argued that creativity can be assessed as part of intelligence tests. Creativity as a process involve factors like fact-finding, problem-finding, solution-finding and acceptance-finding (VanGundy, 1987). This implies that creativity is a complex process that can only be arrived at if the mentioned factors have been satisfied. Like when a writer desires to start on a new book, he/she must first research the existing facts about the topic he wants to write about, then he/she goes on to look for the issues or problems within the facts and start writing from that angle, in writing she is starting to form solutions that are different from what has been existing and then scrutinize what has been written to determine if it is acceptable to him/her and judge whether it is creative or not. Creativity is also facilitated by cognitive skills such as visualization, imagination, expressiveness, flexibility, fluency and openness (Finke, Ward Smith, 1992). This would mean that creative thought process can only occur if the person is able to make use of the said cognitive skills. When a child is asked to come up with new arrangements of blocks, he/she must have an understanding of what blocks are and then to be able to visualize the possible arrangements, to imagine how he/she would build the blocks, to maybe express her thoughts by acting on her imagination like moving the blocks, and to arrange and rearrange it as being flexible and open about how he/she could accomplish the task. These skills can be developed through training and learning or it can be inherent personality traits that a person is born with. Creativity has been compared to problem-solving since it involves the same cognitive skills and process, but creativity is different from problem-solving in the sense that creativity is finding an original solution to the problem. Problem-solving on the other hand has to rely on previous learning and understanding of the situation and to logically solve the problem. Wherein, a person who has been asked to solve a mathematical problem has to consider the laws of numbers and to rationally find the solution to the math question using principles and concepts that govern the field of math. If it was a creative endeavor, then the person can approach the same problem in different ways and come up with the same answer. In short, problem-solving usually follow the correct way of arriving at the answer, while creativity make or develop its own and original solution. Creativity can also be a social process, this mean that creativity is enhanced or developed by the immediate environment of the individual (Amabile, 1983). A company that values creativity encourages the individual to engage in creative thought, while a rigid and structured work environment leaves very little opportunity for creativity. Moreover, a child that grow up in a family where creativity is reinforced and appreciated would more likely become creative in their own lives and parents who stifle their child’s curiosity and punishes creative behavior would be less likely to express their own creativity. Developing Creativity It is important to realize that creativity is a process and that it can be developed in children and adults alike. Practical ways of training a person to become creative involves asking the person what he/she is passionate about, what he/she wants to do that makes him/her happy and which tasks challenges him/her. In this way, the person becomes aware of his/her interests which will serve as the training ground with which creativity can be geared at. For example, the thing that the person loves doing is preparing slide shows for presentations, then the next thing to do is to give the person the opportunity to work on a task that would require him/her to be creative, like asking him/her to create a presentation that is different from the previous one he/she have presented. Another way is to instruct the individual to generate a number of ideas and to explore each idea and find out which is novel and original. The individual’s attempts at being creative should also be recognized and appreciated which would reinforce creative behavior, this is important because to produce something that is creative is subject to how people will react to it and whether it is novel or not, if the individual is praised for showing creativity then he/she would be able to differentiate what is creative thinking. The environment of the individual should also be changed to facilitate creativity, materials for creative thinking should be readily available, he/she should be able to express his/her ideas freely and to be given ample time to work on tasks. The individual can also learn from role models who can be identified as creative personalities. The way these people create new ideas and or things can show the individual how to become creative. By providing him/her with examples, he/she would come to understand what creativity is and what behaviors are indicative of creativity. Lastly, personal traits like being open-minded, flexible, curious, not afraid of change or of doing new things and being excited at creating something should be developed in that person. These attitudes are important because it facilitates brainstorming, innovation, discovery and critical thinking that are necessary for creative thought processes. Helping an individual become creative can only be successful if the person has the willingness and desire to explore his/her creativity, thus even if one provides every opportunity to enable them to become creative is useless if they are not interested in enhancing their creativity. References Amabile, T. (1983). The Social Psychology of Creativity. New York: Springer-Verlag. Finke, R., Ward, T. Smith, S. (1992). Creative Cognition. Cambridge: Bradford/MIT Press. Guilford, J. (1986). Creative Talents: Their Nature, Uses and Development. New York: Bearly Ltd. Sternberg, R. (1988). The Nature of Creativity. New York: Cambridge University Press. VanGundy, A. (1987). Creative Problem Solving. New York: Quorum. How to cite Nature of Creativity, Essay examples

The Current Osha Recordkeeping Regulation 29 Cfr 1904 Example For Students

The Current Osha Recordkeeping Regulation 29 Cfr 1904 Under the current OSHA recordkeeping regulation 29 CFR 1904, employers are required to maintain an accurate record of workplace injuries and illnesses. Information contained in these records is important in helping OSHA identify workplace hazards and implementing protections to reduce risks within the workplace.1 Recording and reporting a work-related injury â€Å"does not mean that the employer or employee was at fault † or that an OSHA rule has been violated.2 It is simply meant to inform OSHA, employers, and employees of potential hazards. Exceptions to this rule include employers with fewer than 10 full time employees and some low-risk industries such as retail, finance, insurance or real-estate.1 However, all employers must report incidents leading to a fatality or the hospitalization of three or more employees.3 A proposed rule amends 29 CFR 1904.41 to add three new electronic reporting methods. The comment period for this proposed rule expired on October 14, 2014 and is now in the final stages of the rule-making process. We will write a custom essay on The Current Osha Recordkeeping Regulation 29 Cfr 1904 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This proposed rule amends 29 CFR 1904 in the following ways: first, employers with over 250 employees in the previous calendar year will be required to submit electronic records every quarter. Second, employers with over 20 employees in the last calendar year will be required to electronically submit their reports annually. Lastly, all employers that keep injury and illness records are required to submit these records electronically.4 Much of this information will be made publically available. Advocates of these changes say it will help OSHA select employers that need consultations, allow companies to compare themselves to other companies, help prospective employees make informed decisions as to where they want to work and allow employees to verify that their reports were submitted. Opponents label these changes as â€Å"public shaming† and argue that it will do little to improve employee safety in the workplace. Maine’s Department of Labor has commented that the proposed rule has potential to embarrass both workers and employees who have been involved in workplace accidents.5 Small businesses are at the highest risk for employee embarrassment since there are only a few employees at each location. Publically available information from these reports can then be pieced together to identify the worker involved in the accident even though the name may not be posted.5 Furthermore, concerns were brought forward during the public hearing that the proposed rule could result in under-reporting of injuries and illnesses due to records being posted publically on the OSHA website.6 other opponents added that the rule could lead to employers adopting practices that discourage workers from reporting accidents. Examples include mandatory drug-testing after an incident, time periods for reporting accidents, and disciplining employees who are repeat offenders or choose not to follow the company’s safety procedures. Although it can be argued that these policies are commonly used policies to maintain a safe workplace, employers can use these policies to deter worker reporting; therefore, fewer incidents will be publically available on OSHA’s 300 form. OSHA’s underlying goal with this proposed rule is to hold employers more accountable for workplace accidents by making their performance more transparent to the public. This certainly can affect management behavior since online reviews are becoming more and more noticeable.4 However, caution must be taken in presenting this information to the public. Will the average person be able to compare industry to industry or one site to another effectively? Will the average Joe be able to truly understand and identify poor performing companies and better performing companies, or will assumptions be made just because injuries are publically listed out of context? If passed, the additional data received from this amendment could be valuable when analyzed appropriately. But often times the raw data misrepresents the actual workplace environment by leaving out critical qualitative information. Unfortunately, the confidentiality of the individual could be jeopardized if too much information is publically available. From the information provided by OSHA, it is unclear whether the root-causes of injuries or illnesses will be included with the publically accessible data; if so, the issue of confidentiality must be first addressed. However, if only qualitative data (such as the number of incidents) is reported online, viewers may incorrectly interpret a work environment to be high-risk when in reality it would be considered only low to moderate risk. Understanding whether an injury was due to employee negligence or intoxication is much different from employer negligence and should be branded as such. .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 , .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 .postImageUrl , .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 , .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5:hover , .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5:visited , .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5:active { border:0!important; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5:active , .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5 .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80a3595f83f4d5e504f924f62146b5e5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Racism In America EssayThe OSHA has made these changes believing that the new reporting methods will make the system simpler, easier to use and understand as well as to update the data on which the system is based.5 The revisions of the final rule will increase consistency in statistics and reporting methods. Additionally, it will decrease the burden on employers, reduce paperwork and boost the cost-effectiveness of the rule. 7

Free Essays on Search For The Giant Squid, Book Report

The Search for The Giant Squid Richard Ellis author of â€Å"The Search For The Giant Squid† has put together an amazing book on such a hard topic. It was easy to read, filled with not only just his stories of this creature, but he also added history, myths, biology, and even included the movies and books written on the giant squid. The illustrations and pictures helped to understand the size of the sea creature. The giant squid, genus Architeuthis, was first sighted in1545 in Denmark. Last recorded seen was 1996 Japan. Architeuthis, are believed to live literally at the bottom of the ocean. The creature is only to be seen at the surface of the water if they are dying. Which would be one reason why noone has ever seen a healthy Architeuthis ever, because human technologies cannot reach the bottom of the ocean. A reason would be because it has very high pressure, no human can reach. The beaks have been found in the stomachs of the sperm whale. The largest recorded was to be 6 inches in diameter. The beaks on a squid is the mouth, located underneath the skirt of tentacles. The sperm whale may possibly be ingesting these squids as a regular meal. Sperm whales seemed to have been found with large circular rings found on their skin, this is believed to be the after marks of being stuck with the suckers on a Architeuthis. It is believed that the Architeuthis has been mistaken for many things. Years ago many sailors believed to see eight headed serpents, sea monks, and sea serpents attacking their ships. Many of the sailors illustrations also show that there is a possibility that they didn’t see these sea monsters but an Architeuthis, the giant squid. The facts found of the Architeuthis are most amazing, such as the Architeuthis has a huge left eye and a right eye that is only a quarter of its size. Both eyes of course to be the size of dinner plates, possibly larger. The larger eye is called the tubular eye (w... Free Essays on Search For The Giant Squid, Book Report Free Essays on Search For The Giant Squid, Book Report The Search for The Giant Squid Richard Ellis author of â€Å"The Search For The Giant Squid† has put together an amazing book on such a hard topic. It was easy to read, filled with not only just his stories of this creature, but he also added history, myths, biology, and even included the movies and books written on the giant squid. The illustrations and pictures helped to understand the size of the sea creature. The giant squid, genus Architeuthis, was first sighted in1545 in Denmark. Last recorded seen was 1996 Japan. Architeuthis, are believed to live literally at the bottom of the ocean. The creature is only to be seen at the surface of the water if they are dying. Which would be one reason why noone has ever seen a healthy Architeuthis ever, because human technologies cannot reach the bottom of the ocean. A reason would be because it has very high pressure, no human can reach. The beaks have been found in the stomachs of the sperm whale. The largest recorded was to be 6 inches in diameter. The beaks on a squid is the mouth, located underneath the skirt of tentacles. The sperm whale may possibly be ingesting these squids as a regular meal. Sperm whales seemed to have been found with large circular rings found on their skin, this is believed to be the after marks of being stuck with the suckers on a Architeuthis. It is believed that the Architeuthis has been mistaken for many things. Years ago many sailors believed to see eight headed serpents, sea monks, and sea serpents attacking their ships. Many of the sailors illustrations also show that there is a possibility that they didn’t see these sea monsters but an Architeuthis, the giant squid. The facts found of the Architeuthis are most amazing, such as the Architeuthis has a huge left eye and a right eye that is only a quarter of its size. Both eyes of course to be the size of dinner plates, possibly larger. The larger eye is called the tubular eye (w...

Profile of Serial Killer Debra Brown

Profile of Serial Killer Debra Brown In 1984, at age 21, Debra Brown became involved in a master-slave relationship with the serial rapist and killer  Alton Coleman. For two months, during the summer of 1984, the couple left victims across several Midwestern states, including Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana,  Kentucky, and Ohio. Alton Coleman and Debra Brown Meet Prior to meeting Alton Coleman, Brown showed no violent tendencies  and had no history of being in trouble with the law. Described as being intellectually disabled, possibly due to a head trauma suffered as a child, Brown quickly came under Colemans spell and a master-slave relationship began. Brown ended a marriage engagement, left her family and moved in with 28-year-old Alton Coleman. At the time, Coleman was facing trial on sexual assault charges of a 14-year-old girl. Fearing that he would likely go to prison, he and Brown decided to take their chances and hit the road. Blended Into Local Communities Coleman was a good con man and a smooth talker. Rather than target victims outside of their race, where their chances of being noticed were greater, Coleman and Brown stayed close to predominately African-American neighborhoods. There, they found it easier to befriend strangers, then assault and sometimes rape and murder their victims, including children and the elderly. Vernita Wheat was the 9-year-old daughter of Juanita Wheat from Kenosha, Wisconsin, and the first known victim of Coleman and Brown. On May 29,  1984, Coleman abducted Juanita in Kenosha and took her 20 miles away to  Waukegan, Illinois. Her body was discovered three weeks later in an abandoned building located close to where Coleman was living with his elderly grandmother. Juanita had been raped and strangled to death. After conning their way through Illinois, they headed to Gary, Indiana, where on June 17, 1984, they approached 9-year-old Annie Turks and her 7-year-old niece  Tamika Turks. The girls were headed home after visiting a candy store. Coleman asked the girls if they wanted free clothing, to which they answered yes. He told them to follow Brown, who led them to a secluded, wooded area. The couple removed the younger childs shirt and Brown ripped it into strips and used it to tie up the girls. When Tamika began to cry, Brown held the childs mouth and nose. Coleman stomped on her stomach and chest, then threw her lifeless body into a weeded area. Next, both Coleman and Brown sexually assaulted Annie, threatening to kill her if she did not do as they instructed. Afterward, they choked Annie until she lost consciousness. When she awoke, she discovered her attackers were gone. She managed to walk back to a road, where she found help. Tamikas body was recovered the following day. She had not survived the attack. As the authorities were uncovering Tamikas body, Coleman and Brown struck again. Donna Williams, 25, of Gary, Indiana, was reported as missing. Almost a month later, on July 11, Williams decomposing body was found in Detroit, along with her car parked a half a mile away. She had been raped and the cause of death was ligature strangulation. The couples next known stop was  on June 28, in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, where they walked into the home of Mr. and Mrs. Palmer Jones. Mr. Palmer was handcuffed and severely beaten and Mrs. Palmer was also attacked. The couple was fortunate to survive. After robbing them, Coleman and Brown took off in the Palmers car. The couples next attack happened after their arrival in Toledo, Ohio on the holiday weekend of July 5. Coleman managed to worm his way into the home of Virginia Temple, who was the mother of a household of small children. Her oldest was her 9-year-old daughter Rachelle. The police were called to Virginias home to do a welfare check after her relatives became concerned after they did not see her and she did not answer her phone calls. Inside the home, the police found Virginia and Rachelles bodies, who had both been strangled to death. The other younger children were unharmed but frightened from being left alone. It was also determined that a bracelet was missing. Following the Temple murders, Coleman and Brown did another home invasion  in Toledo, Ohio.  Frank and Dorothy Duvendack were tied up and robbed of their money, watches, and their car. Unlike others, the couple was fortunately left alive. On July 12, after being dropped off in Cincinnati by the  Reverend and Mrs. Millard Gay of Dayton, Ohio, Coleman and Brown raped and murdered Tonnie Storey of  Over-the-Rhine (a working-class neighborhood of Cincinnati). Storeys body was discovered eight days later. Underneath it was the bracelet that was missing from the Temple home. Storey had been raped and strangled to death. FBI Ten Most Wanted On July 12, 1984, Alton Coleman was added to the FBI Ten Most Wanted list as a special addition. A major national manhunt was launched to capture Coleman and Brown. More Attacks Being on the most wanted FBI list did not seem  to slow down the couples murder spree.  On July 13, Coleman and Brown went from Dayton to Norwood, Ohio on a bicycle. Not long after arriving, they managed to get inside the home of Harry and Marlene Walters on the ruse that they were interested in buying a trailer that Harry Walters was selling. Once inside the home, Coleman struck Harry Walters over the head with a candlestick, rendering him unconscious. The couple then viscously raped and beat Marlene Walters to death. It was later determined that Marlene Walters had been beaten on the head at least 25 times and Vise-Grips had been used to lacerate her face and scalp. After the attack, the couple robbed the home of money and jewelry  and stole the family car. Kidnapping in Kentucky The couple then fled to Kentucky in the Walters car and kidnapped a Williamsburg college professor, Oline Carmical, Jr. They placed him in the trunk of the car and drove to Dayton. There, they left the stolen car with Carmical  inside the trunk. He was later rescued. Next, the couple returned to the home of  Reverend and Mrs. Millard Gay. They threatened the couple with guns, but left them unharmed. Coleman and Brown stole their car and headed back close to where they started their killing spree in Evanston, Illinois. Before their arrival, they carjacked and murdered  75-year-old Eugene Scott in Indianapolis. Capture On July 20, Coleman and Brown were arrested without incident in Evanston. A  multi-state coalition of police formed to strategize on how to best prosecute the couple. Wanting the pair to face the death penalty, authorities selected Ohio as the first state to begin prosecuting them both. No Remorse In Ohio, Coleman and Brown were sentenced to death in each case of the aggravated murders of Marlene Walters and Tonnie Storey. During the sentencing phase of the trial, Brown sent the judge a note which read, in part, I killed the bitch and I dont give a damn. I had fun out of it. In separate trials in Indiana, both were found guilty of murder, rape, and attempted murder. Both received the death penalty. Coleman also received 100 additional years and Brown received an additional 40 years on charges of kidnapping and child molesting. Alton Coleman was executed on April 26, 2002, by lethal injection at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio. Browns death sentence in Ohio was later commuted to life because of her low IQ scores, her non-violent history prior to meeting Coleman, and her dependent personality that made her susceptible to Colemans control. Currently in the Ohio Reformatory for Women, Brown still faces the death penalty in Indiana.

Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson - Essay Example This paper tells that while the theme or content of Carey’s music is mainly centered on love, Jackson is the Mother Teresa of the entertainment scene covering topics on self-actualization and feminist and political bearing. It has to be noted however that both claim to perform autobiographical music, leading to the next focus of comparison; symbolism. In a total contrast from the aforementioned themes, Jackson evolved herself into the erotic queen of pop, while Carey seemed much comfortable cutting the image of a teen-pop sensation. Most people are usually not preoccupied with the vocal ranges of their favorite singers. This can however not be ignored here considering the fact that Mariah is as chirpy as the bird that woke you up this morning, winning accolades and numerous polls thanks to her 5-octave vocal range. How does Jackson compare? She has a smooth soprano 3-octave vocal range that is complemented to great effect through emotional and poetic content. Away from their v ocal cords, Mariah is less adventurous towards other areas of entertainment albeit being versatile in terms of genre exploration. Jackson on the other hand not only explores other genres in her music but has also tried her hand in several movies. Finally, the two songbirds have had similar career paths characterized by peaks and dominance, recession and the astounding and successful comebacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Houston Club tour report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Houston Club tour report - Assignment Example Houston Club understands the importance of having a high number of members in order to keep it operational. In this case, the company has implemented an efficient membership marketing structure that has ensured that the club’s membership segment of golf club approximate 400 members, the country club has about 600 members, and there are about 1,000 members in the club’s dining, sporting, and business segment. In effect, the club appears to be doing well in an environment where some of the clubs were closing down in Florida. However, the club’s main advantage was that there were fewer clubs within its area of operations. For Houston Club, exclusivity is one of the marketing strategies that the company has utilized in order to gain more members than other clubs. In this case, the club has packaged itself as an exclusive Gentlemen’s Club, which is an important strategy of the club in differentiating itself from its competitors. Exclusivity is evident in the club’s facilities ranging from their rooms and other important features such as wine lockers stocked with some of the most expensive wines. The exclusivity makes more members want to join the club and become part of the elite. After identifying the importance of this strategy in gaining more members, the club consequently introduced three segments of membership with these three being golf club membership, country club membership, and the other segment drawing membership from people interested in dining, sporting, and business. In this way, the club has a capacity to market its membership across members with varying interests. Other than membership marketing strategy focusing on the club’s exclusivity, the PR team packaged offers from the club, sent invitations to the city’s law firms, and then focused on the oil, gas, and financial industries by sending invitations to members who were attracted to the packages offered by

Impact of Saving Rate on Economic Growth

Impact of Saving Rate on Economic Growth NURU ABUBAKAR INTRODUCTION Saving rate is the amount of money, expressed as a percentage or ratio which one deducts from his/her disposable personal income to set aside for retirement or for investment in the money or the capital market in instruments like bonds treasury bills, shares etc. Savings rate can also refers to the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) that is saved by households in a country (Ewa and Agu 2005). This indicates the financial state and growth of the country because households’ savings constitute the major source of government borrowing to finance public projects and also provides funds for private investments. It is an obvious fact that income is received as wages or salaries, rents, interests or profits by owners of factors of production. With the received income households buy the consumer goods they need. Not all personal income available to the individual or family, or the household is for personal use. The government takes a sizable amount in the form of personal incom e taxes. After these taxes are paid, what is left with the individual is disposable income (Ogunbitan 2010). Disposable income is used to pay for consumer goods and services, to pay interest on debts and for savings. Disposable income is an important concept because the income enables the consumer to decide how much to spend on current goods and services and how much to save. Savings is therefore that part of disposable income that is not spend on current consumption of goods and services but reserved for future use. Economic growth on the other hand is the process by which there is a sustained rise in real per capita income or output of goods and services over a given period of time (Ewa and Agu 2005). A positive relationship exists between savings rate and economic growth because when savings rate is high banks have more capital to lend for capital investments to both private investors and the government (Tawiah 2006). When savings rate is increased, economic growth certainly will increase because more capital is available to investors at reduced interest rates leading to increases investment in the capital stock. This study therefore focuses on exploring how savings rate impact economic growth THE IMPACT OF SAVING RATE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH Savings implies refraining from consumption. A consumer’s disposable income is either consumed or saved. The rate at which different consumers consume and save part of their disposable income apparently differs (Bleaney, Gemmell and Kneller 2001). This implies that different consumers have distinct average propensity to consume (APC) and average propensity to save (APS). These averages explain how much a consumer consumes and saves at a particular level of income. Similarly, there is marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and marginal propensity to save (MPS). The marginal propensity to save represents the fractional part of an increase in income that is saved. Aggregate saving assembles idle funds from surplus units to deficit units in the economy facilitating investment both by the private and public sector (Ogunbitan 2010). When aggregate savings improves, financial institutions are in position of funds to borrow their customers and government alike. The rate of interest actu ally determines investment in a country. The lower the interest rate charged by banks, the better investors are attracted to borrow for investment (Buscemi and Yallwe 2012). Income earned is either consumed or saved, that is, Y = C + S where Y represents income, C, consumption and S, savings. From the above linear function, saving means income less consumption, that is, S = Y – C. Savings therefore is affected by active spending decisions. There are basically three types of savings, namely; personal saving, business saving and government saving Personal savings is influenced by the following factors; Size of income: as income increases all things being equal, savings also increase Rate of interest: a higher rate of interest may attract more people to save and vice versa Government policy: the government can influence the level of savings in different ways such as attractive rate of interest policy and income tax relief or tax holidays or tax concessions (Ogunbitan 2010). Sense of responsibility: people with careful spending habits save even when the income is low compared to extravagant people who don’t even save at higher income levels. Political situation: a country with a stable political climate encourages citizens as well as foreign investors to save and invest which results into economic growth. The second form is business saving and is affected by the following: Profits: to encourage and affect savings, profit is necessary. The higher the profit the greater the inclination to save. Also, when profit is attractive directors of companies keep aside part of the profit to plough back into the business for growth and expansion (Bleaney, Gemmell and Kneller 2001). Anticipated rise in prices: when business units anticipates rise in price level, they increase their quantum of savings through investment goods to reap later the anticipated rise in price (Tawiah 2006) Government policy: an increase tax on company’s profit will reduce tax and vice versa The third form of savings is government saving. Government saving is achieved chiefly through a budget surplus. This may be secured by increasing revenue through additional taxation or by reducing current government expenditure. Apart from a budget surplus, saving can occur in other forms, such as when national insurance and pension contributions exceed current payments (Tawiah 2006). Reasons for saving; individuals may choose to save for some of the following reasons To provide for old age or for future expenditure To guard against a rainy day or unforeseen circumstances To leave an estate for immediate children or grand children Sometimes people save to become wealthy and raise their status in the society. Relationship between savings and investment In a frugal or savings economy, part of the earned income is consumed and part is saved. Let’s assume the following; That household spend only part of their income and save the rest There are some firms which produce consumer goods and some which produce investment (that is, producer or capital goods), and That all savings is undertaken by firms It is also important to explain withdrawals and injection. Savings and investment are examples of two other general categories of expenditure called withdrawals and injections respectively. An injection is an addition to the income of a domestic firm that does not arise from the spending of households or an addition to the income of domestic households that does not arise from the spending of the firms (Ewa and Agu 2005). A withdrawal on the other hand is any income that is not passed on in the circular flow of income and expenditure. Having established that part of aggregate personal incomes (that is, the national income) will be spent on consumer goods and part will be saved, it then follows that: National Income = Amount spend on consumer goods + Amount saved, that is, symbolically, Y = C + S †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 S = Y – C†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Where Y = Income C = Consumption and S = Savings Considering national income as the value of the volume of the goods and services produced in which we have two parts, namely: consumers’ goods (C) and producers goods (investment), the following equation could be deduced National income = amount of consumer goods produced + amount of producer goods produced Since the production of investment good is an investment, the following equation could be obtained Y = C + I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 I = Y – C †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 We can now deduce that since equation 2 above is stated that Y – C = S and where Y = income, C = Consumption and S = saving Equation 4 states that Y – C = I. similarly Y = Income, C = consumption and I = Investment equations 2 and 4 gives the equality of saving and investment. Algebraically, Y – C = S established from 2 above and Y – C = I recall, 4 above, then it implies that S = I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 Since Y = C + S recall equation 1 above and Y = C + I recall equation 3 above, that is C + S = C + I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Hence, S = I From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the equilibrium level of national income is determined when savings equals investment. It follows therefore that changes in either savings or investment will bring about changes in the national income. For instance, when savings exceeds investment income will fall but when investment exceeds savings, income will rise. This is because more saving but less investment will mean less employment of factors leading to lower total output and hence lower national income. On the contrary, more investment but less savings, will mean employment of more factors leading to greater total output and, hence, a higher national income. There is stability, that is, balance or equilibrium in the level of national income only when saving is equal to investment. Economic growth implies more output per head as a result of more input and more efficiency. The output per head determines the standard of living in a country. Countries worldwide get preoccupied with horrendous efforts directed towards raising the rate of economic growth. This is the desire of the peoples in different countries to raise the level of their well-being. Economic growth is influenced by different factors which include; the skills and efforts of the labor force, the rate of investment, and the type of investment which is induced by appropriate level of savings, technological progress, availability and extent of the exploitation of natural resources, the persisting climate in the trade relationship with other countries, the extent of specialization, social and religious organization as in the qualities of the people’s character, government policy etc. Conclusion It is established from the above analysis the equality of aggregate savings to aggregate investment, and can be deduced that when savings rate is high in the economy, banks have more capital to lend for capital investment, which in turn promotes the volume of goods and services produced in the economy. That is, when savings rate increases, economic growth would certainly increase because more capital is available at reduced interest rate. This will also lead to increased investment in capital stock. It then implies that savings is a veritable tool that promotes investment in any given country. When investment is improved, there is increase in the volume of goods and services produced, stimulated by the savings rate which in turn leads to higher gross national income figures. This figures when measured leads to higher income per head and increased real income of the citizens. When government policies favor both households and firms who are the major agent of production, it leads to higher rate of savings and higher rate of savings provides funds available to prospective investors who borrow from either the financial institutions or from the money market on short term basis and from the capital market on long term basis. The improvement in the level of economic activities continues with additional savings as a result of improvement in the various sectors of the economy and eventually economic development is attained which is the goal and pursuit of all economies. It is therefore not out of place to conclude that savings rate in an economy can boost economic growth. Government should always ensure that monetary policies like attractive rate of interest on savings, bank rate, liquidity ratio etc. and fiscal policies like tax rebate, tax concessions and tax holidays are favorable at all times for the firms and household who are the major agent of production p rocess in the economy to continue to accumulate loanable funds by banks to accelerate investments. The rate of savings in an economy is a determinant of economic growth. Works Cited Bleaney, M, N Gemmell, and R. Kneller. Testing the endogenous growth model: public expenditure, taxation and growth over the long-run. Canadian Journal of Economics, 2001: 36-57. Buscemi, Antonino, and Alem Hagos Yallwe. Fiscal Deficit, National Saving and Sustainability of Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: A Dynamic GMM Panel Data Approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2012: 126-140. Ewa, U, and G. A. Agu. New System Economics for A’level. Africana First Publishers Limited, 2005: 180-181. Ogunbitan, O. Easy to Understand Economics. Rasmed Publication Limited, 2010. Tawiah, P. Basic Economics for West Africa. Idodo Umeh Publishers Ltd., 2006.

Information skills and system Essay

A system is a collection of devices that works together to archive a particular purpose. Examples include transport system, school system, digestive system etc. A system can be represented as following: Input – contribution to processing of system Control – commanding processing unit Processing – transforming input to output Storage – where content can be put away and retrieved for later use. Output – the outcome of this system An information system is a system that accepts data (raw material) as input and information (organised data) as output. Examples include a computer, searchable databases etc. An information system is shown below: Purpose – The use and function of the system Information process – The process of converting data into information Participants – All people who are involved in the system Information technology – The equipment and instruction used. Data and information – Data, the input (raw material), and information, the output (processed data). The information process: – Collecting – gathering of data from real world. Eg entering details – Organising – preparing data for the use of other processes. Eg arranging data into tables – Analysing – converting data into useful information, usually more digestible. Eg creating a graph from tables of data – Saving and retrieving – storing data/information for later uses. Eg saving document onto hard drive. – Processing – making change in data/information, including updating, correction of error etc. eg spell check – Transmitting and receiving – exchanging data/information with other information systems, near of remote. Eg internet, e-mailing – Displaying – presentation of information. Usually user-friendly, easy to understand. Eg projecting graph onto screen Digital representation of data: All data is in a central process unit is processed as electrical currents. Data is usually converted into binary decimals, consisting only 1 or 0, where 1 represents ‘on’ and 0 represents ‘off’. Different data types are converted differently, and this will be discussed in tools for organising later. Binary digits: Decimal Binary Each digit in a binary decimal can only be 1 or 0. To convert from decimal x to binary: divide x by highest possible power of 2, then divide left over by highest possible power of 2, repeat until 1 or 0 is left. Eg 25 = 24 x 1 + 23 x 1 + 22 x 0 + 21 x 0 + 20 x 1; therefore 25 decimal = 11001 in binary. To convert binary into decimal you do the reverse. Eg 101011 in decimal is 25 x 1 + 24 x 0 + 23 x 1 + 22 x 0 + 21 x 1 + 20 x 1 = 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 43 ASCII code system: The ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) system uses binary decimals to represent different characters. Each digit takes up memory of 1 bit; it takes 8 digits i.e. 8 bits i.e. 1byte to form a character. 1024bytes (210 bytes) = 1KB; 1024KB (220 bytes) = 1MB; 1024MB (230 bytes) = 1GB etc different combinations of any 8 bit forms a character. ASCII includes most if not all symbols, including intangible ones eg Del, Space etc Hexadecimals: Hexadecimal is used in computing when there are too many digits for binary decimal. Eg 255 have 8 digits in binary but only 2 in hexadecimal. It is used for large value numbers such as in the case of html colour panels. Hexadecimals are 16 digit based; 10 – 15 is replaced with A – F respectively. To convert decimal to hexadecimal or hexadecimal to decimal uses the same method as binary conversion, but 16 based. Eg converting 1980 into hexadecimal 1980 = 162 x 7 + 161 x 11 + 160 x 12 Therefore 1980 in hexadecimal is 7BC Eg converting 15FA into decimal 163 x 1 + 162 x 5 + 161 x 15 + 160 x 10 = 4096 + 1280 + 240 + 10 = 5626 Therefore 15FA in decimal is 5626. Social and Ethical issues: Health of human body can be affect through use of information systems. The study of human body and technology is referred as ergonomics. The following are a few health problems the can arise form the use of information system: Tools for information process – Collecting: The collecting process involves deciding what to collect, where to collect form and how to collect. Hardware for collecting different data Text – keyboard, text scanner, voice recognition Numbers – bar code readers, data loggers, keyboard Images – scanner, web cam Video – video recorders, digital cameras Audio – micro-phone, Software for collecting different data Text – Microsoft word Numbers – Microsoft excel Images – scanner software Video – windows media player Audio – Sound recorder Organizing Text – as explained before texts are converted into binary decimals to be processed by other processes, e.g. displaying, analysing etc. Examples of file types: word document, HTML, PDF Numbers – Like text, each numerical number can be converted into a binary number. Common file type: excel, word document Images – An image is an electronic copy of a picture, photo, scanned document etc for display on screen. All images are made of pixels, which are the smallest controllable display element on most screens. There are two types of images: Bitmapped: each pixel is treated individually and represents bits in memory. Their size, colour, tone etc is stored and therefore takes up large amount of memory. The most common bitmapped file types are BMP (high quality images), JPEG (less memory, lossy compression method) and GIF (maximum 256 colours for cartoons, lossless compression by less colour and smaller size). Vector: end points containing information about the line (thickness, colour, gradient etc) common type of file is PNG, but not supported by early versions of internet explorer. Audio – Series of sound measurements. Digital samples are created from real sound waves. The higher frequency of taking samples and the more accurate they are, the better the quality, but the larger the file. Common file types are MIDI and waveform (MP3, MP4 etc). Video – A series of still images recorded at high speed, usually along with audio. Hugh in file size. Common file types include animated GIF, MPEG, Flash etc. data is organized using key frames, one for each image that forms a video/animation when played Analyzing: An example of analyzing data is creating a chart in a spread sheet. Charts and graphs are the most popular ways of analyzing data. They show relationships, trends and comparisons at a glance. The impact (use of colours and symbols to draw attention to important data), speed (obvious) and simplicity (easily understood) made it popular. E.g. software excel, calculator Saving and retrieving: Saving and retrieving is important because it allows edited data to be stored and edited later on. Most information systems have a primary storage and a secondary storage. Primary storage is used to store data/information that needs to be instantly accessible to the CPU. It uses silicon chips on the motherboard to store. RAM random access memory, where frequently used data/information and instructions are stored. When the power is cut off everything in RAM disappears. Data are accessed directly without going through other things. Cache is another example of primary storage. It has the same functions are RAM, but is temporary storage for quick access. ROM read only memory, permanent memory where instructions are stored. These instructions are not to be edited or it may distract the processing of the computer. These instructions are applied when ‘booting’ the computer. Secondary storages are usually portable. Magnetic tape: long thin plastic coated with thin layer of magnetic metal. Magnetic tape can store large amount of data for a cheap price and little space. However it uses sequential memory access, which takes a lot of time. e.g. video tape. Good for back up. Magnetic disk works the same as magnetic tape, but with a circular piece of plastic/metal. E.g. hard disk / floppy disk. Uses random memory access. Optical media uses laser technology to read and write on CD, CDR or CDRE. Written with high power laser to create lots of tiny holes on disk. Flash memory is erasable memory chips e.g. USB, SD card, memory stick etc. Processing: Examples of processing software: audio editing programmes, movie maker, video editors Transmitting and receiving: Buses and ports are used for transmitting and receiving. Buses are connections between CPU and other parts. Ports are sockets that allow an external device to be installed. E.g. e-mail is transmitting and receiving mails. Displaying Printer, monitor speakers etc. most monitors are displayed in pixels. Number of pixels on the screen can be adjusted. Planning, deigning and implementation Understanding the problem This is the first stage of developing a system. It involves identifying the problem that needs to be solved and determining the requirements of the new system through surveys, interviews, analysing existing system, investigation, research etc. Draw up a project plan, specifying who, what how, when; consisting grant charts, schedules, dataflow diagrams, journals, plans etc. Making decisions Determine the feasibility (is it possible) of this new system, analysing potential solutions and makes a recommendation. A feasibility study shows: – nature of problem and overview of existing system – identifying problem – outline constraints (economical, cost vs. benefit; technical, technology requirements and demands; schedule, time wise; organisational, fitting the goal of organization) – restates aim of new system in detail – analyse data collected – suggest solution – no change, new system, investigate etc Designing solution Diagrams such as data flow diagram or system flow chart are used to show context of new system. Data flow diagram is a graphical way of showing the flow of data within the system. O process, ? external entity, ? Data storage, ? data flow. System flow chart shows both flow of data and logic of system. Terminals, input/output, process, database, decision, flow line. Decision trees show all possible decisions and their results. External specification – the appearance of new system Internal specifications – providing technical support to build the system, identify process required by new system, specifications for input data. Information technology – application software may be available e.g. existing accounting softwares. If not then programme has to be written and meets the exact needs of new system. Technical specification – new hardware support need or not. User documentation – user manual for new system. Must be user friendly. Implementing This is the stage of applying the new system. There are three ways of converting to the new system: – Direct conversion – where the new system is completely replacing the old system. Does not allow time to check that the new one works correctly, old system is erased. – Parallel conversion – the new system and old system is run at the same time to allow room for error. – Phrased conversion – gradual implementation of new system. Certain new ones are implemented while other old ones are still operation. Each operation is individually tested. – Pilot conversion – when a small part of the organization uses the new system. If new system fails, old is there to back it up. Training is needed to teach participants to use the new system. The participants include those who are learning and those who are teaching. Who needs to be trained is decided upon their existing knowledge. Testing, evaluating and maintaining System needs to be tested to ensure that it runs correctly. Results are compared to expectations and initial aims. Determines if change is required. Occurs after minor adjustments. Evaluation is the ongoing process of assessing the system to identify areas of weakness that needs to be changed. Maintaining is the modifying of system after installation, upgrading by making minor improvements. IPT year11 exams study notes

Argumentative Essay on Gay Marriage - 842 Words

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Sport England Segmenting the British Sports Market

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